Black-Box Testing

Black-Box Testing is a software testing method where the internal structure, design, or implementation of the application is not known to the tester. Testers focus on validating the functionality of the software by providing inputs and evaluating the outputs, without considering how the application processes the data internally.

Key components of black-box testing include:

• Functional Testing: Testers verify that the software meets its functional requirements and behaves as expected under different conditions, including handling valid and invalid inputs.
• No Knowledge of Internal Code: The tester does not have access to the source code or internal workings of the software, making the testing purely based on the application’s functionality from an end-user perspective.
• Test Scenarios and Cases: Test cases are created based on the software’s specifications, use cases, and user stories, covering all possible input-output scenarios.
• Input and Output Validation: The primary goal is to validate the expected behavior of the software by checking if the system returns the correct output for a given input, including error handling and edge cases.
• Types of Tests: Common types of black-box testing include functional testing, boundary value analysis, equivalence partitioning, and exploratory testing.

Black-box testing is ideal for validating the software from the user’s perspective and ensuring that the system meets business requirements and user expectations, regardless of how it’s implemented internally.