Pairwise Testing

Pairwise Testing is a software testing technique used to reduce the number of test cases required while still covering all possible combinations of input pairs. It is based on the idea that most defects are caused by interactions between two factors, so testing all combinations of input pairs ensures efficient and effective coverage.

Key components of pairwise testing include:

• Input Combinations: The technique focuses on testing combinations of two inputs at a time, which reduces the number of test cases compared to testing every possible combination of all inputs.
• Test Case Optimization: By testing only input pairs, pairwise testing minimizes the number of test cases required while still covering all combinations of two inputs, optimizing testing efforts.
• Combinatorial Coverage: The goal is to ensure that every pair of inputs is tested at least once, allowing for effective coverage of the system with fewer tests.
• Tool Support: Pairwise testing can be automated using tools like PICT (Pairwise Independent Combinatorial Testing) or other combinatorial test case generators that help identify all pairs of input combinations.

Pairwise testing is especially useful in situations with a large number of input variables, reducing the number of test cases needed while still providing high-quality test coverage. It helps identify potential defects caused by interactions between different inputs, improving software reliability.